ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
In
English, the verb form which indicates whether the subject (person or object)
of a sentence do something or something has been done on the subject called the
voice. A sentence that begin with the subject or the object to determine
whether the sentence was categorized as active or passive voice sentences. For
example, when a sentence has one auxiliary verb, such as am, are, is, been,
being, be, and past participle of verbs like written, driven, drawn, known,
learnt, broken, discovered, the sentence is a passive voice.
Transitive
verb has two voices, namely active voice and passive voice.
2.1
The Definition of Active Voice
There
are some the definitions of Active voice :
1.
Active voice is a grammatical voice common in
many of the world’s languages. It is the unmarked voice of clauses featuring a
transitive verb in nominative – accusative languages, including English and
most other Indo – European languages.
2. Active voice is form of sentence
structure where people who do act is the subject of the sentence become a verb
from that indicates that the subject had to do something called Active Voice.
3. Active voice is that form a transitive verb which
makes the subject and the agent the same word.
A
sentence that begins with the subject or the object to determine whether the
sentence was categorized was as Active or Passive voice sentences. For example
if a sentence has one auxiliary verb like am, are, is, been, being, be and past
participle from like written, driven, drawn, known, learnt, broken, discovered,
the sentence is a passive sentence. In most cases, and with most styles of
writing the Active voice is preferred to the passive voice. The Active is
stronger than the passive, and it therefore produces more powerful sentences.
These are because of
the following reasons :
·
It keeps the sentences short
·
It immediately conveys what the sentence
is about
·
It helps in faster and easier
comprehension
·
It helps in easy identification of the
subject in a sentence.
In
English, the formation of a sentence based on the timing of thethemes discussed
in the text. In outline, there are three forms of time taken asguidelines,
namely past, present and future. The third form of the time it developed into a
sixteen - time form, so that in the English language known as tenses.
Verbal
sentence has two forms, namely Active verbal and Verbal passive. Active verbal
sentence that the subjects doing an act against the object, while the subject
is subjected to Verbal passive in an act by the object.
2.2
The Form of Active Voice in Tenses
1.
Active Voice in Simple Present
Tense
Formula
: Subject + infinitive + object
For
example :
a.
Simson cares the lion
b.
Ana does the homework
c.
They sell that house
d.
Jessica always plays the piano
e.
She buys a book
2.
Active Voice in Present Continuous
Tense
Formula
: Subject + to be (is, am, are) + present participle + object
For
example :
a.
She is doing her homework
b.
He is waiting for Dewi
c.
They are giving the present for Marta
d.
Bobby is drawing a nice scenery
e.
Ratna is writing a letter
3.
Active Voice in Past Tense
Formula
: Subject + past participle + object
For
example :
a.
She cleaned the house
b.
Jeffry bought a new car
c.
The teacher called the students
d.
She saved her money
e.
Rina paid all her purchase
4.
Active voice in Past Continuous Tense
Formula
: S + was/were + being + past participle + by object
For
example :
a.
I was waiting for Dina at 4 o’clock
b.She
was reading a novel
c.Andi
was learning English
d.They
are building the house
e.He
was playing a kite
5.
Active Voice in Past Perfect Tense
Formula
: Subject + had + past participle + object
For
example :
a.
He had left that place
b.
She had cooked the chicken
c.
Sisca had posted the letter
d.
The servant had cleaned the kitchen
e.
My mother had made a new dress
6.
Active Voice in Simple Future Tense
Formula
: Subject + will + infinitive + object
For
example :
a.
I shall read a newspaper
b.
It will rain heavily
c.
Budi will repair his bicycle
d.
They will pay the tax
e.
We shall start this meeting
7.
Active Voice in Future Continuous Tense
Formula
: Subject + will be + present participle + object
For
example :
a.
He will be doing a test tomorrow
b.
They will be watching movie next Saturday
c.
Mita will be increasing her value next time
d.She
will be applying a job tomorrow
e.
Sinta will be learning her lesson tomorrow
8.
Active Voice in Past Future Tense
Formula
: Subject + would + infinitive + object
For
example :
a.
I would buy a book tomorrow
b.
They would play football next time
c.
Nita would wash her shoes tomorrow
d.
My father would use Blackberry tomorrow
e.
I would sell my laptop next week
2.3
The Definition of Passive Voice
There
are some the definitions of passive voice :
Ø Passive
voice is the sentence that the subject is subjected to the job. Indonesian in
this sentence using a verb begins with –di (dijual, dipanggil, ditulis).
Ø Passive
voice is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of
the action denoted by the verb.
Ø Passive
voice is the form of sentence structure in which the recipient work is the
subject of the sentence.
Ø Passive
voice is when the focus of sentence is on the object in other words the focus
is on what is receiving the action not what is performing the action.
General Pattern of The Passive
voice
To
be + past participle
1.
1. Intransitive verb is not used in the passive
voice, except that is used the verb cognate object in active form.
Example
: She sings a fine song (Active)
A
fine song was sung by her (Passive)
2. When the sentence was changed
from the active form into shapes, object to the active verb becomes the subject for the
passive verb.
Example : Object to the active verb;
Linda can make tarts.
Subject for the verb
passive; Tarts can be made by Linda.
3. Retained object (object that continuous to be
used or maintained in th passive) two object in the active sentence, when converted
into the passive retained object. This object is probably the indirect object
of an activeverb, or directly from the active verb.
a.
Indirect object of the verb, for example
:
Active verb : We gave him a prize : Kami
memberinya hadiah.
Passive verb : A prize was given him by
us : Hadiah diberikan padanya oleh kita.
4. Whenever the transitive verb of incomplete
predication changed from active to passive
form, the objective complement subjective complement. Active voice complement
for object.
Example
: They elected him president : Mereka memilih dia menjadi presiden.
Passive
voice complement for subject.
Example : He was elected President (by
them) : Dia dipilih menjadi presiden (oleh mereka).
Passive
voice principle sentences imposed by something, try to compare :
Active
: He buys a book : Ia membeli sebuah buku.
Passive
: A book is thought by him : Sebuah buku dibeli olehnya
The Rules to Change the Sentences
from
Active to Passive Form
a. The sentence must have objects
(transitive verb). If there is no object then there must be question word who
asks the object.
b.
Object active sentence became the subject of passive sentences.
c. Subject or active sentences into
passive sentences that preceded the object word “by”.
d.
The verb used is verb III (past participle) which preceded by to be.
e.
The adjusted sentence structure by tenses.
2.4
The Form of Passive voice in Tenses
1. Passive voice in Simple Present
Tense
Formula
: S + to be + past participle + by object
Example
:
|
NO
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
Simson
cares the lion
|
The
lion is cared by Simson
|
|
2
|
Ana
does the homework
|
The
homework is done by Ana
|
|
3
|
They
sell that house
|
That
house is sell by them
|
|
4
|
Jessica
always plays the piano
|
The
piano is always played by Jessica
|
|
5
|
She
buys a book
|
A
book is bought by her
|
2. Passive voice in Present Continuous
Tense
Formula
: S + to be (is, am, are) + being + pastparticiple + by object
Example
:
|
NO
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
She
is doing her homework
|
The
homework is being done by her
|
|
2
|
He
is waiting for Dewi
|
Dewi
is being waited by him
|
|
3
|
They
are giving the present
|
The
present is being given by them
|
|
4
|
Bobby
is drawing a nice scenery
|
A
nice scenery is being drawn by Bobby
|
|
5
|
Ratna
is writing the letter
|
The
letter is being written by Ratna
|
3. Passive voice in Past Tense
Formula
: S + was/were + past participle + by object
Example
:
|
No
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
She
cleaned the house
|
The
house was cleaned by her
|
|
2
|
Jeffri
bought a new car
|
A
new car was bought by Jeffri
|
|
3
|
The
teacher called the students
|
The
students were called by the teacher
|
|
4
|
She
saved her money
|
Her
money was saved by her
|
|
5
|
Rina
paid all her purchase
|
Her
purchase were paid by Rina
|
4. Passive voice in Past Continuous
Tense
Formula
: S + was/were + being + past participle + by object
Example
:
|
NO
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
I
was waiting for Dina
|
Dina
was being waited by me
|
|
2
|
She
was reading a novel
|
A
novel was being read by her
|
|
3
|
Andi
was learning an English
|
An
English was being learnt by Andi
|
|
4
|
They
are building the house
|
The
house being built by them
|
|
5
|
He
was playing a kite
|
A
kite was being played by him
|
5.Passive voice in Past Perfect
Tense
Formula
: S + had been + past participle + by object
Example
:
|
NO
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
He
had left that place
|
That
place had been left by him
|
|
2
|
I
had finished my work
|
My
work had been finished by me
|
|
3
|
She
had missed the last bus
|
The
last bus had been missed by her
|
|
4
|
4
He had posted the letter
|
The
letter had been posted by him
|
|
5
|
Rudi
had completed his speech
|
His
speech had been completed by Rudi
|
6. Passive voice in Simple Future
Tense
Formula
: S + will + be + past participle + by object
Example
:
|
NO
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
I
shall read a newspaper
|
A
newspaper will be read by me
|
|
2
|
She
will sing a beautiful song
|
A
beautiful song will be sung by her
|
|
3
|
Budi
will repair his bicycle
|
His
bicycle will be repaired by Budi
|
|
4
|
They
will pay the tax
|
The
tax will be paid by them
|
|
5
|
We
shall start this meeting
|
This
meeting will be started by us
|
7. Passive voice in Future
Continuous Tense
Formula
: S + will + be + ing + past participle + by object
Example
:
|
NO
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
He
will be doing a test tomorrow
|
A
test will be being done by him tomorrow
|
|
2
|
They
will be watching movie on next Saturday
|
The
movie will be being watched by them on next Saturday
|
|
3
|
Mita
will be increasing her value next time
|
Her
value will be being increased by Mita next time
|
|
4
|
She
will be applying a job tomorrow
|
A
job will be being applied by her tomorrow
|
|
5
|
Sinta
will be learning her lesson next week
|
Her
lesson will be being learnt by Sinta
|
8. Passive voice in Past Future
Tense
Formula
: S + would + be +past pasrticiple + by object
Example
:
|
NO
|
Active
Voice
|
Passive
Voice
|
|
1
|
I
would buy a book tomorrow
|
A
book would be bought by me
|
|
2
|
They
would play football next time
|
Football
would be played by them next time
|
|
3
|
Mita
would wash her shoes tomorrow
|
Her
shoes would be washed by Nita tomorrow
|
|
4
|
My
father would use Blackberry tomorrow
|
Blackberry
would be used by my father tomorrow
|
|
5
|
I
would sell my laptop next week
|
My
laptop would be sold nextweek
|
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