Sabtu, 31 Oktober 2015

Active and Passive Voice




                                                     ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

In English, the verb form which indicates whether the subject (person or object) of a sentence do something or something has been done on the subject called the voice. A sentence that begin with the subject or the object to determine whether the sentence was categorized as active or passive voice sentences. For example, when a sentence has one auxiliary verb, such as am, are, is, been, being, be, and past participle of verbs like written, driven, drawn, known, learnt, broken, discovered, the sentence is a passive voice.
Transitive verb has two voices, namely active voice and passive voice.

2.1 The Definition of Active Voice

There are some the definitions of Active voice :

1.    Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world’s languages. It is the unmarked voice of clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominative – accusative languages, including English and most other Indo – European languages.

2. Active voice is form of sentence structure where people who do act is the subject of the sentence become a verb from that indicates that the subject had to do something called Active Voice.

3. Active voice is that form a transitive verb which makes the subject and the agent the same word.

A sentence that begins with the subject or the object to determine whether the sentence was categorized was as Active or Passive voice sentences. For example if a sentence has one auxiliary verb like am, are, is, been, being, be and past participle from like written, driven, drawn, known, learnt, broken, discovered, the sentence is a passive sentence. In most cases, and with most styles of writing the Active voice is preferred to the passive voice. The Active is stronger than the passive, and it therefore produces more powerful sentences.
These are because of the following reasons :
·         It keeps the sentences short
·         It immediately conveys what the sentence is about
·         It helps in faster and easier comprehension
·         It helps in easy identification of the subject in a sentence.

In English, the formation of a sentence based on the timing of thethemes discussed in the text. In outline, there are three forms of time taken asguidelines, namely past, present and future. The third form of the time it developed into a sixteen - time form, so that in the English language known as tenses.

Verbal sentence has two forms, namely Active verbal and Verbal passive. Active verbal sentence that the subjects doing an act against the object, while the subject is subjected to Verbal passive in an act by the object.

2.2 The Form of Active Voice in Tenses

1.      Active Voice in Simple Present Tense

Formula : Subject + infinitive + object

For example :
a. Simson cares the lion
b. Ana does the homework
c. They sell that house
d. Jessica always plays the piano
e. She buys a book

2.      Active Voice in Present Continuous Tense

Formula : Subject + to be (is, am, are) + present participle + object

For example :
a. She is doing her homework
b. He is waiting for Dewi
c. They are giving the present for Marta
d. Bobby is drawing a nice scenery
e. Ratna is writing a letter

3.      Active Voice in Past Tense

Formula : Subject + past participle + object

For example :
a. She cleaned the house
b. Jeffry bought a new car
c. The teacher called the students
d. She saved her money
e. Rina paid all her purchase

4. Active voice in Past Continuous Tense

Formula : S + was/were + being + past participle + by object

For example :
a. I was waiting for Dina at 4 o’clock
b.She was reading a novel
c.Andi was learning English
d.They are building the house
e.He was playing a kite

5. Active Voice in Past Perfect Tense

Formula : Subject + had + past participle + object

For example :
a. He had left that place
b. She had cooked the chicken
c. Sisca had posted the letter
d. The servant had cleaned the kitchen
e. My mother had made a new dress

6. Active Voice in Simple Future Tense

Formula : Subject + will + infinitive + object

For example :
a. I shall read a newspaper
b. It will rain heavily
c. Budi will repair his bicycle
d. They will pay the tax
e. We shall start this meeting

7. Active Voice in Future Continuous Tense

Formula : Subject + will be + present participle + object

For example :
a. He will be doing a test tomorrow
b. They will be watching movie next Saturday
c. Mita will be increasing her value next time
d.She will be applying a job tomorrow
e. Sinta will be learning her lesson tomorrow

8. Active Voice in Past Future Tense

Formula : Subject + would + infinitive + object

For example :
a. I would buy a book tomorrow
b. They would play football next time
c. Nita would wash her shoes tomorrow
d. My father would use Blackberry tomorrow
e. I would sell my laptop next week

2.3 The Definition of Passive Voice

There are some the definitions of passive voice :
Ø  Passive voice is the sentence that the subject is subjected to the job. Indonesian in this sentence using a verb begins with –di (dijual, dipanggil, ditulis).
Ø  Passive voice is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of the action denoted by the verb.
Ø  Passive voice is the form of sentence structure in which the recipient work is the subject of the sentence.
Ø  Passive voice is when the focus of sentence is on the object in other words the focus is on what is receiving the action not what is performing the action.


General Pattern of The Passive voice

To be + past participle

1.               1.  Intransitive verb is not used in the passive voice, except that is used the verb cognate object                in active form.
Example :       She sings a fine song (Active)
A fine song was sung by her (Passive)

2. When the sentence was changed from the active form into shapes, object to the    active verb becomes the subject for the passive verb.
Example : Object to the active verb; Linda can make tarts.
                       Subject for the verb passive; Tarts can be made by Linda.         

3. Retained object (object that continuous to be used or maintained in th passive) two object in the active sentence, when converted into the passive retained object. This object is probably the indirect object of an activeverb, or directly from the active verb.

a.       Indirect object of the verb, for example :
Active verb : We gave him a prize : Kami memberinya hadiah.
Passive verb : A prize was given him by us : Hadiah diberikan padanya oleh kita.
4. Whenever the transitive verb of incomplete predication changed from active to  passive form, the objective complement subjective complement. Active voice complement for object.
Example : They elected him president : Mereka memilih dia menjadi presiden.

Passive voice complement for subject.
Example : He was elected President (by them) : Dia dipilih menjadi presiden (oleh mereka).

Passive voice principle sentences imposed by something, try to compare :
Active :  He buys a book                    : Ia membeli sebuah buku.
Passive : A book is thought by him     : Sebuah buku dibeli olehnya

The Rules to Change the Sentences from
Active to Passive Form

a. The sentence must have objects (transitive verb). If there is no object then there must be question word who asks the object.
b. Object active sentence became the subject of passive sentences.
c. Subject or active sentences into passive sentences that preceded the object word “by”.
d. The verb used is verb III (past participle) which preceded by to be.
e. The adjusted sentence structure by tenses.

2.4 The Form of Passive voice in Tenses

1.      Passive voice in Simple Present Tense

Formula : S + to be + past participle + by object

Example :
NO
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
Simson cares the lion
The lion is cared by Simson
2
Ana does the homework
The homework is done by Ana
3
They sell that house
That house is sell by them
4
Jessica always plays the piano
The piano is always played by Jessica
5
She buys a book
A book is bought by her

2.      Passive voice in Present Continuous Tense

Formula : S + to be (is, am, are) + being + pastparticiple + by object

Example :
NO
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
She is doing her homework
The homework is being done by her
2
He is waiting for Dewi
Dewi is being waited by him
3
They are giving the present
The present is being given by them
4
Bobby is drawing a nice scenery
A nice scenery is being drawn by Bobby
5
Ratna is writing the letter
The letter is being written by Ratna


3.      Passive voice in Past Tense

Formula : S + was/were + past participle + by object

Example :
No
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
She cleaned the house
The house was cleaned by her
2
Jeffri bought a new car
A new car was bought by Jeffri
3
The teacher called the students
The students were called by the teacher
4
She saved her money
Her money was saved by her
5
Rina paid all her purchase
Her purchase were paid by Rina


4.      Passive voice in Past Continuous Tense

Formula : S + was/were + being + past participle + by object

Example :
NO
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
I was waiting for Dina
Dina was being waited by me
2
She was reading a novel
A novel was being read by her
3
Andi was learning an English
An English was being learnt by Andi
4
They are building the house
The house being built by them
5
He was playing a kite
A kite was being played by him






5.Passive voice in Past Perfect Tense

Formula : S + had been + past participle + by object

Example :
NO
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
He had left that place
That place had been left by him
2
I had finished my work
My work had been finished by me
3
She had missed the last bus
The last bus had been missed by her
4
4 He had posted the letter
The letter had been posted by him
5
Rudi had completed his speech
His speech had been completed by Rudi


6. Passive voice in Simple Future Tense

Formula : S + will + be + past participle + by object

Example :
NO
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
I shall read a newspaper
A newspaper will be read by me
2
She will sing a beautiful song
A beautiful song will be sung by her
3
Budi will repair his bicycle
His bicycle will be repaired by Budi
4
They will pay the tax
The tax will be paid by them
5
We shall start this meeting
This meeting will be started by us


7. Passive voice in Future Continuous Tense

Formula : S + will + be + ing + past participle + by object

Example :
NO
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
He will be doing a test tomorrow
A test will be being done by him tomorrow
2
They will be watching movie on next Saturday
The movie will be being watched by them on next Saturday
3
Mita will be increasing her value next time
Her value will be being increased by Mita next time
4
She will be applying a job tomorrow
A job will be being applied by her tomorrow
5
Sinta will be learning her lesson next week
Her lesson will be being learnt by Sinta



8. Passive voice in Past Future Tense

Formula : S + would + be +past pasrticiple + by object

Example :
NO
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1
I would buy a book tomorrow
A book would be bought by me
2
They would play football next time
Football would be played by them next time
3
Mita would wash her shoes tomorrow
Her shoes would be washed by Nita tomorrow
4
My father would use Blackberry tomorrow
Blackberry would be used by my father tomorrow
5
I would sell my laptop next week
My laptop would be sold nextweek














Referensi :